The Admiral’s Tale: Thomas Seymour

by Judith Arnopp

Thomas Seymour; Baron Sudeley

A new narrator popped into my work in progress the other day; a voice that wants to be heard, and who am I to deny him?

Thomas Seymour is often portrayed in historical novels as a brash adventurer, a power hungry molester of young girls but, when writing history, it is important to stay true to the time in which the events take place.

Elizabeth Tudor was fourteen at the time Seymour married Katherine Parr and, although to us the alleged relationship between him and his step daughter is shocking due to her age, at the time, fourteen was regarded as ‘marriageable.’ There was no undue public outrage and he was not labelled as an abuser. What was shocking to the 16^th century mind-set was Elizabeth’s status. Mistresses were perfectly acceptable, royal princesses were definitely not.

Even when added to his other alleged ‘crimes’ Seymour still doesn’t emerge as a ‘monster’. He was misguided perhaps, driven by his baser instincts, very human in fact.

Thomas and Katherine Parr were on the brink of marriage when she was spotted by the king as a potential wife but Thomas gallantly gave way to his monarch. But, after Henry VIII’s death Seymour lost no time in marrying his former sweetheart.

Seymour was the uncle of the young king Edward VI, but it was his elder brother, Somerset, who had control of the king's leading strings. Although Thomas was made Lord High Admiral and 1^st Baron of Sudeley, it was his brother who became Lord High Protector and held all the power that Thomas craved.

Feelings between the siblings were not sweet. After the death of Henry VIII the Lord Protector seized the crown jewels from Katherine, including some personal pieces of her own, not belonging to the crown. This infuriated Thomas and he spent the rest of his wife’s life trying to regain her rightful possessions. This fury was ignited further by the continual snubbing of Katherine by Edward’s wife, Anne Stanhope.

Amid this family unrest Elizabeth Tudor, second in line to the throne, took up residence with her step-mother and her new husband, Seymour, at Katherine’s home in Chelsea, later moving to Seymour’s holding at Sudeley Castle. Katherine and Elizabeth were close, sharing a love of learning and religion but during this time rumours emerged involving Seymour and the fourteen year old Elizabeth.

Elizabeth Tudor

There were reports of him entering the girl’s bedchamber early in the morning to tickle and slap her. In some instances Katherine joined him, whether to protect her step daughter’s virtue or to aid and abet him is unclear. One has to look to the other aspects of Katherine’s character to judge her possible motive.

These unusual events have been variously depicted as innocent horseplay and sinister abuse. Whatever the truth of the matter is, there are no reports of undue outrage at the time. Ultimately, Elizabeth was sent away but her relationship with her step-mother remained strong and they corresponded regularly.  Katherine and Thomas remained at Sudeley, awaiting the birth of their first child. Katherine gave birth to a daughter, Mary, but died a short time later; sadly the records of her long-awaited daughter’s life fade out after just two years.

It is after the death of Katherine that Thomas seems to have become more ungovernable. He began an alleged campaign against his brother, trying to usurp the influence Somerset had over the boy king. He started to provide his nephew with pocket money, trying to win his favour by playing the popular fun loving uncle. At the same time he abused his position as Lord High Admiral by encouraging piracy, criticising his brother’s policies and, most outrageous of all, bribing the Vice treasurer of the Bristol Mint to finance an alleged coup against the Protectorship.

In 1548 he was called to appear before the Privy Council to explain his actions. To Thomas, it must have seemed that the world was against him. All he wanted was an audience with the king, to explain his behaviour and point out the error of Somerset’s ways. He wanted, once and for all, to put an end to his brother’s Protectorship. Thomas was convinced he would do a much better job. In the end he went so far as to hatch a desperate plot to gain access to Edward VI.

Edward VI

On the 16^th January 1549 Seymour, by way of the privy garden, broke into the royal apartments at Hampton Court. The story goes that as he crept into Edward’s bedchamber his favourite spaniel woke up and began to bark. Seymour, without thinking, silenced the yapping, snarling dog by drawing his pistol and shooting it dead. It was against all royal etiquette to draw one’s pistol in the presence of a king and the act, together with the death of the royal pet, sealed Thomas’ fate.

Thomas Seymour was sent to the Tower, accused of attempting to kidnap the king, and plotting to marry the King’s half-sister, Elizabeth and put her on the throne in Edward’s place. In all, thirty three separate counts of treason were brought against him and, with the murder of his pet probably uppermost in his mind, Edward had no hesitation in signing his Uncle Thomas’ death warrant.

He was executed on 20^th March 1549, dying bravely on the scaffold, leaving as his legacy a poem, which hint that his motives may have been more honourable than his actions.

“Forgetting God to love a king
Hath been my rod or else nothing:
In this frail life being a blast
of care and strife till in be past.
Yet God did call me in my pride
lest I should fall and from him slide
for whom loves he and not correct
that they may be of his elect.
The death haste thee thou shalt me gain
Immortally with him to reign
Who send the king like years as noye
In governing his realm in joy
And after this frail life such grace
As in his bliss he may have place.”
(Taken from Skidmore: Edward VI))

For all his faults and intemperate actions Seymour was popular with many of his contemporaries. There was unrest at his sentencing and Somerset was proclaimed ‘a bloodsucker and a ravening wolf.’ (Skidmore) Measures were taken to calm the situation, the most effective method proved to be the blackening of the Admiral’s character.

The council accused him as an atheist, a traitor, a lecher, and circulated rumours that he had encouraged rebellion, writing to Elizabeth and Mary urging them to rise up against the Protectorship. On the order of the council Hugh Latimer emphasised that Seymour was ‘a wicked man, and the realm is well rid of him.’

Katherine Parr

The ordinary people, however, seemed to hold a different view. Seymour was loved by many people, particularly the women. His love for Katherine Parr seems genuine; bowing out of the relationship to make way for King Henry and not hesitating to rekindle it once she was widowed. The stories about Elizabeth are the only stain against him, and then we are judging by 21^st rather than 16^th century standards. Better men than Thomas Seymour took mistresses and better men than him have been led astray by the charms of a young girl.

And as for Elizabeth? Maybe her love for Thomas was genuine. Perhaps it was her experience with Seymour and his subsequent death (that was so akin to her mother’s) that made her shun sexual relationships from that day on. David Starkey points out that ‘almost all of the men she subsequently loved, or pretended to love, resembled Seymour.’

Most of the detrimental stories of Thomas Seymour date from after his death. Like so many others executed in this period, his name has been blackened by those who survived him. Brother of a queen, uncle of a king, husband of a dowager queen, Seymour may have craved power in his own right but that is not a monstrous crime.

He was man who believed he could serve England better than his brother; a headstrong man who made unwise decisions; a man who dallied with a royal princess; a man who shot the king’s dog.

If Thomas had a flaw it was that he was driven by human failings. In the words of Sir Nicolas Throckmorton Thomas Seymour was, ‘… fierce in courage, courtly in fashion, in personage stately, in voice magnificent, but somewhat empty of matter.’

Not the most becoming epitaph but in my forthcoming novel, Intractable Heart, Thomas Seymour has a section of the narrative to himself; a chance to redress the balance and provide his own version of his extraordinary life.

Further reading

Susan James, Catherine Parr
Linda Porter, Katherine the Queen
Elizabeth Norton, Catherine Parr
David Starkey, Elizabeth
Anne Somerset, Elizabeth I
Alison Plowden, The Young Elizabeth
Chris Skidmore, Edward VI

For more information about me and my novels please visit my website.

Photographs from Wikimedia Commons.

The Kiss of the Concubine UK link

US link



The Winchester Goose UK link

US link



The Forest Dwellers UK Link

US link

The Song of Heledd UK link

US link

Peaceweaver UK link

US Link

Katheryn Parr – The not-so-boring sixth wife of Henry VIII.

by Judith Arnopp

The wives of Henry VIII sit neatly in their various pigeon holes. The old rhyme, Divorced, Beheaded, Died, Divorced, Beheaded, Survived, sums up what many people believe to be the truth about each queen.

They have ceased to become complex, living, breathing people (yes, I know they aren’t breathing now) and no longer exist outside the applied modern-day stereotype.  They have each been summed up in three words.

Catherine of Aragon – stubborn, proud, barren.
Anne Boleyn – scheming, traitorous, unfaithful.
Jane Seymour – sweet -natured, soothing, mother.
Anne of Cleves – malodorous, simple, German.
Katherine Howard – unfaithful, foolish, child.
Katheryn Parr – gentle, nursemaid, step-mother.

Yet they were so much more than this. This blog could become a lengthy one, dismissing these assumptions and detailing the many virtues and accomplishments of each queen but, today, I want to concentrate on Henry’s last queen, Katheryn Parr.

Katheryn Parr

My novel The Kiss of the Concubine; a story of Anne Boleyn, has been very well received but when I mention that the subject of my next novel, Intractable Heart, is Katheryn Parr, people look a little sceptical. “Isn’t she a bit dull? You know; wasn’t she more a nursemaid than a queen?”

But, unless we are to judge a woman as boring because she manages to keep her head, Katheryn’s story is equally as compelling as that of Henry’s other queens. It may be less ‘bloody’ but I don’t think we can say it is less romantic, or less dramatic.

Katheryn was the daughter of Sir Thomas Parr, her first two marriages arranged by her ambitious mother, Maud. She lived through the northern rebellion and the siege of Snape Castle, war with France, and the reformation of the church, not to mention life with Henry.

While Anne Boleyn desired church ‘reform’, she remained what we would now call ‘Catholic’ to her death. Katheryn, on the other hand, was the first queen to properly embrace Protestantism. Katheryn ‘managed’ Henry better than any of his previous wives; she was credited by her contemporaries for her intellect, and was the first English queen to become a published author.

Henry VIII

Henry’s opinion of her was such that while he made war on the French, he appointed her Regent in his absence, an honour bestowed only on one other of his wives, Catherine of Aragon. As well as carrying out this role superbly, Katheryn also reunited the royal family, bringing all three of Henry’s legitimate children, Mary, Elizabeth and Edward, back to court. Furthermore, her influence can be detected in the character of her step daughter, who later became Queen Elizabeth I.

Elizabeth was at Katheryn’s side in 1544 during her role as regent and there can be little doubt as to the impact of the princess’s first experience with the challenges of female leadership. She witnessed first-hand her step-mother’s control of a male-dominated world, and the strategies the queen undertook to maintain her authority over the council.

Thomas Cranmer

Far from being simply a nursemaid to an elderly monarch, Katheryn Parr was both influential and respected. It was her strong influence over the king that ultimately placed her life in peril. Katheryn’s close proximity to Henry, together with her involvement in reform, won her enemies in high places. Traditionalists like Gardiner, Norfolk, and Wriothesley looked for ways to implicate her in crimes against the state. Katheryn, surrounded with scholars and theologians was the prime target for those against Lutheranism.

In 1546 Anne Askew was arrested, accused of heresy and acts against the Catholic Church. She was tortured and tormented before ultimately facing the penalty of death by burning. There is no proof that Katheryn and Anne had ever met and, fortunately, Anne died without betraying any of her friends. However, she did have links with Cranmer and Catherine Willoughby, who were also friends with Katheryn, and Gardiner lost no time in acting against the queen.

The  burning of Anne Askew for heresy

Katheryn’s influence with Henry and her interest in the new religion strengthened the reformist party. Gardiner had to stop this. He wanted a new queen, one who was conservative in her religious opinion. Given the choice, he would probably have selected a biddable, uneducated wife for Henry; one who would never dream of questioning either God’s law or that of the king.

Gardiner began to plot.

Stephen Gardiner

Toward the end of his life constant pain from his ulcerated leg made it impossible for the king to partake of many of his former pleasures. As a result Henry’s mood became ever more irascible. Katheryn began to talk to him of her beliefs, church reform and the errors she perceived in the traditional religion. Henry, who apart from the initial break with Rome, clung throughout his life to the Catholic religion, grew ever more cantankerous. Some say he resented his wife’s intelligence, her argumentative manner. Henry and Katheryn began to have disagreements and people believed that the king’s enchantment with Katheryn was beginning to wane.

Taking full advantage of the situation, Gardiner made his move. Using flattery and cunning, he slowly began to convince Henry that the queen was a heretic, her presence giving other heretics and traitors access to court. Eventually Henry agreed to issue a warrant for her arrest.

I want to pause here and consider what Henry may have been feeling at this time. He was no longer a young man. He was tired. He had spent all his adult life in pursuit of securing the succession and so far, had produced just one boy, and two useless girls. His sixth marriage had, up until now, been happy. He was probably just beginning to feel confident that at last he’d discovered a good woman; a faithful, staunch supporter, a helpmeet, someone he could trust.

Henry wasn’t a monster. He was a man with too much power trying to obtain the unobtainable, something that at least felt like love. He cannot have relished the idea of another failed marriage, another trial, another execution. He was getting old. The idea of searching out a replacement for Katheryn would not have been a welcome one, and surely by now, he can have held little faith left in finding a better wife. Unlike previous occasions, when he’d taken for the hills at the first hint of marital failure, this time Henry stayed at the palace, giving Katheryn and her friends time to act.

Some say it wasn’t by chance that the news of her imminent arrest fell into the hands of Katheryn’s friends. The queen was tipped off, giving her time to act and allowing Henry to apply the ultimate test of her fidelity. Perhaps the king never had any real intention of arresting her. Maybe it was a game he was playing; like a small bored boy with two beetles in a jar, setting the opposing sides against each other, for entertainment.

We can never really know but it is fun to speculate.

Anyway, on hearing the news, Katheryn fell into uncharacteristic (possibly feigned or exaggerated) hysterics that were so severe that her physicians were summoned. She made such a commotion that Henry, hearing her from in his adjoining apartments, went to investigate. When he enquired as to the cause of her upset, she fell at his feet declaring she feared she had displeased him when all she had meant to do was take his mind from his troubles.

She went on to ask, how could ‘a poor silly woman’ like herself ever think to council the erudite king on matters of theology or state. Katheryn claimed she only ever discussed religious matters with her husband so that she might learn and benefit from his superior mind. Henry, appeased as always by flattery, reassured her that he loved her as much as ever and that they were ‘perfect friends.’

Katheryn was a resourceful woman. It was no coincidence that she performed so competently during her regency. The episode of her attempted coup illustrates the clever strategy of a woman who had learned how to handle her man.

Next day in the palace gardens Wriothesley, with the warrant for Katheryn’s arrest tucked neatly beneath his arm, arrived with the guard to take the queen to the Tower. Imagine his frustration when Henry turned on him in fury, calling him a ‘Beast’, ‘a fool,’ and ‘a knave’ and sending him about his business. Astounded at the king’s change of heart, there was nothing Wriothesley could do but creep off with his tail between his legs.

Katheryn had won but only by the skin of her teeth. Thereafter, she kept her opinions to herself, suppressing her views and ceasing work on her half-written manuscript The Lamentations of a Sinner which was not published until after Henry’s death in January 1547.

Thomas Seymour

After the king’s death, having already made three political marriages, Katheryn at last married for love; this time selecting her former sweetheart, Sir Thomas Seymour. But this marriage was not as successful as her previous dealings with matrimony. Seymour was not a man to be easily managed. After a brief spell of apparent wedded bliss the relationship began to fail. Seymour is alleged to have been a rogue and hungry for power, carrying out a flirtation under Katheryn’s nose with her stepdaughter, the Lady Elizabeth.

We cannot help where we love and perhaps Katheryn found it harder to manage this husband because her heart was involved, making it impossible to remain objective. For many years she had dreamed of being Seymour’s ‘humble, true and loving wife’ but having gained all that she wished for, she died with a reproach on her lips in 1548, shortly after giving birth to Seymour’s daughter. She was just thirty-six years old.

Katheryn’s story is the subject of my next novel Intractable Heart. Told by four narrators, Margaret Neville, Katheryn Parr, Thomas Seymour and Elizabeth Tudor. The novel traces Katheryn’s path from her days as Lady Latimer during the northern uprising, through her role as Henry VIII’s queen. The narrative then follows her disastrous fourth and final marriage, and concludes at her death in 1548.

Images from Wikimedia commons

Further reading

James, Susan, Catherine Parr
Norton, Elizabeth, Catherine Parr

Hutchinson, Robert, The Last Days of Henry VIII
Weir, Alison Henry VIII, King and Court
Starkey David, Six Wives: the queens of Henry VIII
Withrow, Brandon, G. Katherine Parr
Porter, Linda, Katherine the Queen, the remarkable life of Katherine Parr

My other novels include:

The Kiss of the Concubine: A Story of Anne Boleyn

The Winchester Goose: at the court of Henry VIII

The Song of Heledd

The Forest Dwellers

Peaceweaver

All available in paperback or on Kindle.

For more information please visit my webpage: www.juditharnopp.com