Bifrons House: The End

by Lauren Gilbert

Bifrons Park by Jan Wyck

See also, Bifrons House: The Beginning

After John Bargrave “the youngest” sold the house to Sir Arthur Slingsby in 1662, the house had a family in residence again. Sir Arthur was knighted at Brussels in June of 1657, and was granted a baronetcy by letters patent in 1658 at Bruges. He was married, and had two sons and two daughters. Sadly, Sir Arthur died in 1665, at which point his son Charles succeeded to the baronetcy and the estate. Sir Arthur was buried in Patrixbourne on February 12, 1665. Sir Charles sold Bifrons in 1677. This sale was to the first of three or four additional owners. Little is known about the owners of Bifrons until it was purchased by John Taylor Esquire in 1694.

John Taylor was born December 7, 1655. He was the son Nathaniel Taylor Esquire, who had represented Bedford County in Parliament, and had served as recorder for the city of Colchester in Essex under Cromwell. John married the daughter of Sir Nicholas Tempest, baronet, from Durham. Her name was Olivia, and the couple had six sons and one daughter. The two oldest children were Brook (his father’s heir) born August 18, 1685, and Herbert (who succeeded his brother) possibly born sometime in early 1698 (he was baptized May 15, 1698). Sadly, only the two oldest boys survived. Olivia died in 1716. She was buried in Patrixbourne. John represented Sandwich in Kent in Parliament 1695-1698, and again from February-November 1701. John Taylor died April 24, 1729 and was also buried in Patrixbourne. He was succeeded by his son Brook.

The Children of John Taylor of Bifrons Park by John Closterman c 1696

Brook Taylor was a learned mathematician and a fellow of the Royal Society. He became secretary of the Royal Society in 1714, the same year he completed his degree at Cambridge. He was married to Elizabeth Sawbridge, and they had one child, a daughter, also named Elizabeth. Robert died in London in 1731 and was buried in St. Anne’s. His brother Herbert succeeded.

Herbert Taylor was a member of the clergy, being the rector of Hunton and the vicar of Patrixbourne. He married Mary Wake, and the couple had two sons: the oldest was Herbert who succeeded his father, and the younger was Edward who succeeded his brother. Reverend Taylor died September 29, 1763 and was buried in Patrixbourne. His older son Herbert never married, and died November 19, 1767 in London. He was only 36 years old. His brother Edward, now Reverend Edward Taylor, inherited. Reverend Edward Taylor was married to Margaret Paylor in 1769, and they had 5 sons and 6 daughters, the oldest being a son Edward born June 24, 1744, who was his father’s heir.

In 1770, the Jacobean house was demolished and a Georgian style house erected in its place. (Pictures of the later house can be seen at Lost Heritage: England's Lost Country Houses.) As Syrie James explained in her excellent post, the reverend moved his family to Europe due to financial constraints. Margaret died in Bruges April 27, 1780 at the age of 37. They returned to Bifrons, but financial problems continued to dog the family. It appears Reverend Edward Taylor died in 1798, and was succeeded by his son Edward. (Syrie’s article tells Edward’s story in detail.)

The house remained in Edward’s hands, but he moved to a nearby estate and leased Bifrons to John Loftus, the second Marquess of Ely in 1825. The Marquess was the first tenant and lived there 2 years between 1825-1827. In 1828, the house was let Anne Isabella (Annabella) Byron, baroness, Lord Byron’s estranged wife, and her daughter Ada. The house remained in the Taylor family’s hands until, about April of 1830, when Edward Taylor sold Bifrons House to Henry Burton Conyngham, 1st Marquess of Conyngham and his wife Elizabeth (born Dennison), realizing possibly as much as 100,000 pounds.

The Conynghams were an interesting couple. Henry Conyngham was born December 26, 1766, was Irish and succeeded his father as 3rd Baron Conyngham in 1787. He was later made Viscount Conyngham of Mountcharles in the Irish peerage in 1789. He married Elizabeth Dennison July 5, 1794. She was the daughter of a wealthy merchant turned banker. The couple was not themselves particularly well off, until Henry was rewarded for his support of union with Great Britain in the Irish Parliament. When the smoke cleared after the Act of Union passed, he received (among other benefits) 15,000 pounds for his borough in the Irish House of Commons and was made the Earl Conyngham in the Irish peerage. They had 2 sons and 2 daughters.

Elizabeth, Lady Conyngham

His wife’s friendship with the Prince Regent, later George IV, propelled them to court circles around 1812. She became the Prince’s last mistress around 1820. Lord Conyngham benefited from the friendship and her later position as mistress, receiving titles (including the title of Marquess in 1816), a position on the Privy Council and other benefices. Lady Conyngham became a person of influence at court, which lasted until George IV’s death early in the morning of June 26, 1830. Lady Conyngham left for Paris the next day. The Marquess remained in England, and died in London December 28, 1832, at the age of 66. He was succeeded by his oldest son Francis.

Print: The Cunning and Happy Family
(the Marquess of Conyngham is at the left seated on the chamberpot.) 1822

Lady Conyngham had not made herself popular while the king’s mistress, and consequently spent a great deal of time thereafter in Paris. She retained the use of the house until her death, apparently living there when not in Paris. Her son Francis, 2nd Marquess of Conyngham, did a great deal of work in Patrixbourne, including the remodelling of Bifrons House, especially after his mother’s death. She died in Bifrons House October 11, 1861. It appears that the family left the area permanently in 1874, but held the ownership of the property. It was leased to several different tenants including Frank Penn, a famous cricketer. The last tenants were Col. The Hon. Milo Talbot and his wife. Apparently, after the Colonel died in 1932, Mrs. Talbot continued to live in the house until shortly before, in 1939, it was requisitioned for use by the military; Canadian soldiers were housed there. It was used for military purposes until the war ended. It was razed in 1945, as it was deemed too damaged to repair.

Sources include:

See Bifrons House: The Beginning for the sources used.

GoogleBooks. Burke, John, Esq. A GENEALOGICAL AND HERALDIC HISTORY OF THE EXTINCT AND DORMANT BARONETCIES OF ENGLAND. London: Scott, Webster and Geary, 1848. P. 490. HERE; Burke, John Esq., A GENEALOGICAL AND HERALDIC HISTORY OF THE LANDED GENTRY; Or Commoners of Great Britain, Ireland Etc. Vol. III. London: Henry Colburn, 1839. P. 108. HERE; LA BELLE ASSEMBLEE, or Court and Fashionable Magazine. Vol XI from January to June 1830. No. LXIV April, 1830, p. 181. HERE

A Web of English History. “Lord and Lady Conyngham (1766-1832, 1769-1861).” Last modified January 12, 2016. Dr. Marjorie Bloy. HERE

Images from Wikimedia Commons

House: HERE

The Children of John Taylor: HERE

Print:HERE

Elizabeth: HERE

~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Lauren Gilbert was introduced to English authors early in life. Lauren has a bachelor of arts degree in liberal arts English with a minor in Art History. A long-time member of JASNA, she has presented various programs at the South Florida Region, and a breakout session at the the Annual General Meeting in Ft. Worth, TX in 2011. She lives in Florida with her husband. Her first book HEYERWOOD: A Novel is available. She is finishing a second novel, A RATIONAL ATTACHMENT.

For more information, visit her website.

Edward Taylor of Bifrons: Jane Austen’s First Love

by Syrie James

Who was the first young man to steal Jane Austen’s heart? People often assume that it was the Irishman Tom Lefroy, with whom Austen enjoyed a brief flirtation at age twenty—but in fact, Jane was infatuated years earlier with another, truly extraordinary young man named Edward Taylor.

How do we know this? Because in a letter to her sister Cassandra in September 1796, while Jane was in Kent visiting their brother Edward Austen, Jane wrote, “We went by Bifrons and I contemplated with a melancholy pleasure the abode of Him, on whom I once fondly doated.” This single sentence is full of information, and an excellent clue to a relationship that, until now, was not very well-known to Austen biographers and enthusiasts.

When Jane wrote that letter in 1796, her flirtation with Lefroy had ended some seven months prior. She was reminiscing with wistful longing about a young man she’d met many years earlier. Scholars have long since identified the “Him” as Edward Taylor, and the “abode,” Bifrons Park, as the estate in Kent which he would one day inherit. Little else, however, was known about him. Biographer Deirdre Le Faye, in Jane Austen: A Family Record (1989) simply states, “Jane met and briefly cherished a girlish passion for young Mr. Edward Taylor of Bifrons.” John Halperin, in The Life of Jane Austen (1984), refers to Edward Taylor as “her old beau” and “the most shadowy of her possible early ‘suitors.’”

I was intrigued by this young man upon whom Jane Austen had “once fondly doated.” Her choice of words, by definition, infer a great deal about her feelings. To “doat”—an old-fashioned spelling of “dote”—means “to express and demonstrate great love and fondness for somebody” or “to love to an excessive or foolish degree.” We know so little about Austen’s romantic life, yet here was a reference, in her own words, to a young man with whom she was once clearly smitten, and was still thinking about years later. Indeed, Jane continued to think about Edward Taylor in the years that followed, mentioning him again in letters in 1800 and 1802 with similar fondness.

Determined to learn as much as I could about Edward Taylor, I devoted myself to researching him. Eventually, through a variety of sources, I uncovered a great deal of information about Edward Taylor himself, his family, his ancestors, and his ancestral estate, Bifrons. The most exciting and revealing source was a rather obscure find: The Taylor Papers (1913), the memoirs and letters of Edward Taylor’s brother, Lieutenant General Sir Herbert Taylor, published many years after his death. This work reveals Edward Taylor to be a member of an extraordinary, well-traveled, and highly accomplished family.

Edward Taylor, I discovered, was a year and a half older than Jane Austen. Born on 24 June, 1774, he was the eldest son of the Reverend Edward Taylor and Margaret Payler of county Kent, both of whom came from distinguished families. Nathaniel Taylour, Esq., represented the county Bedford in Parliament and was the recorder of Colchester during the usurpation of Oliver Cromwell; the Paylers were descended from an officer of King Henry VIII’s household. The Rev. Edward Taylor was educated at St. John’s College, Cambridge and succeeded to the livings of Patricksbourne and Bridges in Kent. In November 1767, at age 33, he inherited the family estate, Bifrons Park, after his elder brother died.

Jan van der Vaardt, 1647–1721
Bifrons Park, Kent, 1695-1705
Oil on Canvas
Yale Center for British Art

A large, impressive, Elizabethan red-brick manor home with magnificent grounds, Bifrons was named for its “two front wings.” The house was built in 1634 by John Bargrave, a writer, collector, and canon for the Canterbury cathedral, who spent much of his life travelling across the European continent. One of John Bargrave’s expeditions included the dangerous errand of ransoming English captives at Algiers after the Restoration, a mission which succeeded and netted him and his accomplice Archdeacon Selleck a ten thousand pound reward from the bishops and the clergy upon their return. Bargrave died at Canterbury in 1680. Fourteen years later, Bifrons was purchased by John Taylor, Esq., and handed down thereafter through the generations of the Taylor family.

Rev. Edward Taylor & Mrs. Margaret Taylor of Bifrons Park

When the Rev. Edward Taylor inherited Bifrons, he seems to have been influenced by both the illustrious building career and sense of wanderlust of the gentleman who originally constructed the property. Upon taking possession, the Rev. Edward Taylor rebuilt Bifrons as an elegant Georgian mansion, an undertaking so massive that the “modern” renovated dwelling bore little if any resemblance to its Elizabethan predecessor. The Rev. Edward Taylor married two years later, and seven children followed in quick succession. Concerned about the cost of educating his family, the Rev. Edward Taylor moved his entire brood to the Continent, where private Masters could be hired for his children at a cheaper rate than in England. In April 1780, shortly after arriving in Brussels, his wife Margaret sadly died after giving birth to their eighth child, a daughter who was named after her. The Rev. Edward Taylor devoted his life to raising and educating his eight young children, and for the next eleven years they lived and traveled abroad.

It easy to understand why when Jane Austen met the teenaged Edward Taylor upon his return to England she fell head over heels for him. He had spent his youth travelling extensively throughout Europe. He’d been educated in all the classic subjects by private masters, and was extremely well-read and accomplished. He was fond of reading, and, like his siblings, he was fluent in German, French, Italian, and Spanish, could read and write in Latin and Greek, and was a proficient on a musical instrument. No doubt Edward was very much like his brother Herbert, who describes himself in his memoirs as an avid conversationalist with strong opinions— qualities which would have appealed to Austen. The Taylors were friends with people in the highest echelons of society, from princes and princesses to military, religious, and government leaders.

Interestingly, in spite of his position as eldest son and heir to Bifrons Park which guaranteed him a life of leisure and ease, Edward Taylor—like his brothers—aspired to a career in the military. He served in the army from 1795 - 1798, as Captain in The New Romney (or Duke of York’s own) Fencible Light Dragoons in Ireland but was obliged to quit at age 24 when his father suffered a stroke and died and Edward succeeded to the estate. While master of Bifrons, Edward Taylor continued his association with the military, serving in the Kent yeomanry for many years. He married, raised a family, and served as the Member of Parliament for Canterbury from 1807 to 1812.

Unfortunately, due to financial difficulties, Edward Taylor was obliged to sell Bifrons in 1830. Although the property had been in his family for many generations, Edward Taylor seems to have been relieved. Perhaps being master of a large estate and lands was a burden to him, rather than a privilege. Or perhaps Edward Taylor preferred to live on the continent after spending most of his youth there. Whatever the reason, he seems to have lived abroad quite happily for many years, counting foreign kings and queens among his closest friends.

Bifrons Park circa 1900

Sadly, Bifrons was demolished in 1948. It is one of England’s great lost country houses.

Looking back to the young Edward Taylor who Jane Austen met in Kent—an extraordinarily accomplished young man who had already led a fascinating life—it is easy to see why she was fond of him. He must have been exciting and very different from any other young man she had ever met. Although Austen never married, her famous novels of love and courtship convey such a deep understanding of human nature and the complexities of the heart, one can only surmise that she experienced the emotion herself—and it seems certain that she had deep romantic feelings for Edward Taylor.

My novel Jane Austen’s First Love brings that relationship to life. In a story inspired by actual events, the young, vivacious Jane Austen and the extraordinary Edward Taylor meet and fall in love over the event-filled, magical summer of 1791. It is a relationship from which Jane Austen learned a great deal, and which may have influenced the novels that made her famous.

Many thanks to the English Historical Fiction Authors for hosting me here today. I hope your readers enjoyed my research discoveries of one of Jane Austen’s beaus, Edward Taylor, his family and their estate in Kent. What were you most surprised to discover? Do you think that the remarkable Edward Taylor is similar to any of Jane Austen’s heroes? And, how much of her own life experiences might have influenced her novel writing?

~~~~~~~~~~~~~

Syrie James, hailed as “the queen of nineteenth century re-imaginings” by Los Angeles Magazine, is the bestselling author of nine critically acclaimed novels that have been translated into 18 languages. Her books have been awarded the Audio Book Association Audie, designated as Editor’s Picks by Library Journal, named a Discover Great New Writer’s Selection by Barnes and Noble, a Great Group Read by the Women’s National Book Association, and Best Book of the Year by The Romance Reviews and Suspense Magazine. Syrie is a member of the WGA and lives in Los Angeles. Please visit her at syriejames.com, Facebook or say hello on Twitter @SyrieJames.

Please join the 

Jane Austen’s First Love Holiday Blog Tour Nov 15 – Dec 14, 2014. The complete blog tour list and giveaway contest details can be found at Syrie’s website. Good luck!