By Grace Elliot
The
fascinating thing about history is the fleeting glimpses into how people lived in the past. Letters and diaries give us a chance to do just that. A letter written
on December 27th, 1864 by Mrs Jane Welsh Carlyle (1801 – 1866) to a
Mrs Russell reveals a vivid exchange with a beggar, during which she was cursed
– but survived.
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| Jane Welsh Carlyle - lady of letters |
The scenario
in the letter is an interesting one, a complete story in itself, but it also
bears breaking down to contrast Ms. Carlyle’s life with that in the modern age.
The first point being, that Jane Carlyle is writing a letter which survived
over 150 years…the same can’t be said for an email.
Her letter
starts thus:
“I was waiting before a shop in Regent
Street [London] for some items of stationery; and a young
woman black-eyed, rosy-cheeked, with a child in her arms; thrust herself up to
the carriage window.”
Mrs Carlyle
was shopping for stationery. In Victorian times the shops’ opening hours varied
depending on the season: 6 am in the summer and 8 am in the winter.
Mornings were
the time when servants shopped, and it was late morning or early afternoon when
gentlefolk like Jane Welsh Carlyle took to their carriages to go out. However,
well-to-do shoppers had to be wary of thieves and pickpockets were rife on
London’s streets, and this was perhaps one reason she stayed in her carriage.
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| Regent Street in the 19th century |
The letter
continues:
“[The beggar]
broke forth in a paroxysm of begging, refusing
to stand aside even when the shop man was showing me some envelopes.”
The
shopkeeper had brought his goods to the carriage for the customer to view,
rather than the other way round – a whole new take on home-shopping! Indeed, the
shopping experience was very different to the modern day. There was no obligation
to display the price of the goods and it was common practice for the shopkeeper
to alter the price, depending on what he thought the customer would pay.
“Provoked at her noise [the beggar]…I said. ‘No, I will give you not a single penny as an encouragement to
annoy others as you are annoying me.’”
Around 25% of
the population of Victorian England lived below the poverty level. For those in
extreme poverty there was the option of the workhouse, but conditions were so
severe that many people preferred to chance their luck on the streets.
There was a
cycle of poverty in that a young man may be able to work and earn a living to support
himself. But when he married, his wife would no longer be allowed to be in
employment so his same wage had to support two people. Things got worse still
when children arrived – as this beggar clutching a child would suggest.
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| 25% of the population lived in poverty |
“That beggar woman fixed the evil eye
on me and slowly said, ‘This is Wednesday lady, perhaps you will be dead by
Christmas Day, and have to leave all behind you. Better to have given me a
little of it now!’ And she scuttled away leaving with the sensation of being
under a curse.”
This may
sound dramatic to our modern ears, but in the 19th century people
took superstitions much more seriously. Indeed, one superstition was “overlooking”
where, in a type of witchcraft, a
specific ‘look’ could curse the individual and cause them to be “sunken in
spirits”, lacking in concentration, and taken to an extreme, to waste away.
“I can’t say I took it to heart. At
the same time, I was rather glad when, Christmas Day being over, I found myself
alive and just as well as before.”
Alas, Mrs
Carlyle seems so engrossed with her own situation that she failed to spare a
thought for what drove the poor woman to beg in the first instance. Perhaps
after all, some things never change….But there again; this is a quote by Mrs
Carlyle about children:
“Children as such nasty little beasts”
So perhaps
she wasn’t the most warm-hearted person in the world. Move over Ebenezer…
Merry
Christmas!
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